Ina Jean Watson, 94, of Eureka, passed away on December 15.

Ina was as beautiful on the inside as she was on the outside. She will be remembered for her unwavering love of family, her kindness, generosity, deep faith, and baking the best pies ever. Ina had a spicy side, even though she was mostly sweet.

Ina got the flower growing and baking gene from her mother, Ota. She grew the most beautiful flowers and especially loved roses. Ina and her husband, Leroy, loved to dance. For many years, they went to the Moose Lodge every weekend and danced their hearts out. She was always up for new experiences, which included dancing the hula on a trip to Hawaii. Ina loved the ocean and the sense of peace it gave her. Her favorite color was green, which went well with her beautiful brown eyes.

Ina was born on January 30, 1931, in Pound, Virginia, the oldest child of the late Buck and Ota Church. In 1937, the family, including her sister, Virginia, and brother, Royce, moved from the mountains of Virginia to Raymond, Washington looking for a better life. She married George Mullins in 1949 with whom she had her five children.

Ina worked at Green’s Pharmacy in Garberville and then for over 20 years for Henderson Center Pharmacy in Eureka, specializing in the make-up counter, serving her customers with knowledge and grace. For the past 2 ½ years, Ina has been a resident at Eureka Rehabilitation and Wellness Center where she was loved by all. She would light up when Leroy came for his daily visits and immediately ask for a kiss.

Ina will be greatly missed by her family. Ina is survived by her loving husband of almost 30 years, Leroy Modine, daughter, Sheila Maraigh (Don), sons, Mark, Greg (Betsy), and Doug (Lorrie) Mullins, seven grandchildren, eight great-grandchildren and her brother, Royce Church. She was preceded in death by parents, Carlis (Buck) and Ota Church, her son, Philip Mullins, grandson, Luke Mullins, sister, Virginia Mossman, and her second husband, Charles Watson.

A graveside service will be held at Sunset Memorial Park in Eureka on Tuesday, December 30 at 10 a.m.

###

On a summer day, sitting beside the slowly moving waters of the Eel River as it meanders its way from its headwaters in the California counties of Mendocino and Humboldt to the Pacific Ocean, it is difficult to visualize the terror and destruction it can generate when winter closes in. Then, in some years, there are gale winds, torrential rains, and snows at higher elevations.

The river is aptly named, not only for the presence of eels, but because it flows in sinuous, erratic twists and tums, especially after it leaves its narrow confines and spreads out into the lower valley.

Not only in the memory of those now living, but probably for ages past, flood after flood has inundated the lower valley, and the Eel has changed its course time after time, cutting new channels and silting up the old ones.

One of my earliest childhood memories is of the Eel River in flood. We lived on the uplands with a clear view of the valley from the confluence of the Eel and Van Duzen rivers to well below the town of Fortuna. It looked as if the whole valley were under water, and indeed it was. Fields were flooded, houses were surrounded with water, and farm animals smuggled desperately in the swirling current. Great trees, roots and all, parts of houses, and debris of every description hurtled headlong toward the sea. The roar of the rushing water, more than a mile wide, filled the air.

As great as this destruction was, the real damage came as the flood subsided. When the flow of the river dropped to the level where the stratum of topsoil ended and the layer of sand and rock began, the velocity of the water made a neat cutting weapon which undermined the topsoil and sent it tumbling into the stream. Only imprudent people stood near the bank then because great chunks of land disappeared without warning. Tons of topsoil cascaded on downstream and the delta at the mouth of the river built up gradually. Through the years great islands covered with willow trees have formed, until there is no clearly defined channel.

To a child such a spectacle meant little, and it was not until, by a strange quirk of fate, I found myself living on the very banks of the Eel that the full import of its threat was brought home. The plot of ground, a little over twelve acres, was purchased from Romeo and Mary Giacomini about 1920. There were over one hundred acres in the original piece owned by the Giacominis, but year by year the river had claimed all but about twelve, leaving its southward trend toward Waddington and Ferndale and moving northward. By some unknown line of reasoning, it was thought that the trend would be reversed. Some sixty years later, this has not occurred, but perhaps the next sixty or one hundred years will tell a different story.

It was December, and raining, when we moved into the big two-story house. The river was already reaching fiood proportions. It never did overflow its banks that year, but it did reach the cutting stage. By morning a chicken house and other small buildings were gone, the sound of their going lost in the raging torrent.

Not every year produced a loss of land, but in several years’ time the river crept closer and closer. Then one winter again it was raining, the obvious threat was there, and the house was moved to the northeast corner, the farthest boundary possible on Sandy Prairie Road,

By 1952, only three acres remained, with the house perched precariously on the river’s bank. Clearly the battle was lost, and the house was razed. Where it once stood, a levee . was built by the Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, whose design criterion for protective works encompassed “once-in-a-hundred” years. Judging from the flood of 1964, the levee almost met the design criterion, since history records that a flood of gigantic proportions occurred in 1862, long before loggers appeared on the scene.

A possible witness to this flood of 1862 was an Indian, known as Indian George. No one knew how old he was. His favorite spot in Fortuna was the bench in front of Hansen-Hunter Company’s store on Main Street, now known as Low’s Furniture Store. There he spent much of the day, and many townspeople stopped to have a word with him. During one flood he was asked if this was not the worst yet, but he shook his head and said, “No, When I was a boy whole valley covered by water,” and he waved his hand toward the Ferndale area. “All under water,” he said, and lapsed into his customary silence. He may have meant 1862, but dates, as such, meant little to him. He has been gone many years.

The Killer Eel, published by J. Dwight O’Dell of The Humboldt Beacon following the 1964 flood, is complete with data, photos and commentaries. For those who have not read it and who believe that the Eel can be controlled, it should make interesting reading, as well as for those who believe in wild and scenic rivers.

An estimated flow of nearly half a million cubic feet per second boggles the imagination, not only of the layman, but of engineers engaged in flood control as well, and casts doubt on the hope that protective flood control measures are economically feasible now or perhaps ever, for the lower reaches of Eel River.

At one time, probably around 1912 or earlier, a concrete jetty was built along Sandy Prairie Road between Alton and Fortuna near the John East property and the summer bridge across the river. How it was financed is not known, but it was supposed to divert the Eel from its northward course and prevent bank erosion. Unfortunately, either because of some fault in design or construction, or simply because it was inadequate for the purpose intended, the first major flood flowed around the upper end of the structure, pried it loose and broke it into massive blocks of concrete and steel which were visible for some years.

Studies have been made, read and filed. Meanwhile, mining of sand and gravel along the north bank continues, creating a natural channel, as flood waters rush in to fill the void, thus bringing the river ever closer.

A series of dams in the upper reaches of the river would certainly mitigate minor floods, permitting diversion of the excess, and providing impounded water which could be released during the summer months or years of low flow. rather than allowing it to waste uselessly into the Pacific Ocean. Instead, each political subdivision of the counties which would benefit from such control will fight to the death to keep any water from being diverted to “those vandals” in central and southern California. The story is as old as Aesop — 550 B.C.

To name only two, the battle for the waters of the Colorado and the Rio Grande has been going on for years. Compacts have been made and broken; lawyers and engineers have spent a lifetime in court in never-ending attempts to allocate the water equitably.

Only time — and who can foretell how long — will produce the answer, but it is relatively safe to assume that Eel River will continue to wind its way from its headwaters to the ocean undeterred, as it has for generations past.

For my part, I recall vividly those anxious days and nights when we huddled together in our home on the banks of the Eel, hoping and praying that we would survive one more attack of the Wild River. Let those who will, enjoy their wild and scenic rivers but, without meaning to be sacrilegious or facetious, the words of the old hymn come to mind: “Lord, plant my feet on higher ground.”

###

About the Author: Alice Mulley died March 17, 1999, in Eureka at the age of 94. She was a native of Fortuna, and a graduate of Fortuna schools and the Woodbury Business College in Los Angeles. She was associated for many years with a consulting civil engineering firm in Los Angeles and after her retirement, returned to Fortuna in 1970. This article is reprinted from The Way It Was, Volume II.

###

###

This story was originally published by CalMatters. Sign up for their newsletters.

###

Tortillas sold in California are going to have a new ingredient, one that’s intended to help nurture healthy infants.

Starting Jan. 1, a new law will take effect requiring most tortillas and corn masa products sold in the state to contain folic acid, a vitamin that’s important to infant health.

Latinas in California are far less likely than other women to get enough folic acid early in pregnancy — a gap that can lead to life-altering birth defects.

State data show that, between 2017 and 2019 – the latest years for which state data is available – about 28% of Latinas reported taking folic acid the month before becoming pregnant. White women took the vitamin at a higher rate, with 46% of them reporting consuming folic acid, according to the California Department of Public Health.

This puts Latinas at higher risk of having a baby born with neural tube defects — defects of the brain and spinal cord. Some examples of that are conditions like spina bifida and anencephaly.

Research has shown that folic acid can reduce birth defects by up to 70%. That’s why it’s found in prenatal vitamins. But because women may not find out they are pregnant until weeks or months after, public health has long recommended that folic acid also be added to staple foods.

In 1998, the U.S. required manufacturers to fortify certain grain products with folic acid, such as pasta, rice, and cereals, to help women of reproductive age get the necessary amounts. Since that rule took effect, the rate of babies born with neural tube defects dropped by about a third, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

But even with the addition to these foods, birth defect rates among babies born to Latinas have been consistently higher. In search of a more culturally appropriate addition, in 2016, the federal government allowed makers of corn masa to add folic acid to their foods – but didn’t require it.

Joaquin Arambula, a Democrat from Fresno, who authored the law said leaving folic acid out of corn masa products, used in many Latino staple foods, was a “real oversight.”

Now, with the implementation of Assembly Bill 1830, California is the first state to require folic acid in corn masa products. The law requires manufacturers that do business in the state to add 0.7 milligrams of folic acid to every pound of flour and to list the addition in their nutrition labels. The law makes exemptions for small batch producers like restaurants and markets that might make their own tortillas from scratch.

Months after California’s law was signed, Alabama passed its own version. Its law goes into effect in June 2026.

Some large manufacturers have already been adding folic acid to their products for years. Gruma, the parent company of Mission Foods, said it started fortifying its foods back in 2016, when the federal government first allowed it. A company spokesperson said Gruma “has a longstanding commitment to supporting legislative fortification initiatives” and supports the new laws in California and Alabama.

###

Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit www.chcf.org to learn more.

###

This story was originally published by CalMatters. Sign up for their newsletters.

###

California lawmakers made major changes to the state’s car-buying rules this year, including a controversial rewrite of the state law that allows buyers to get their money back if they are sold a defective vehicle and a right to return a used vehicle within three days.

After an intense lobbying push this year from automobile companies, dealers and consumer groups, more legislative battles over California vehicle purchases could follow in 2026. Sky-high car prices show no signs of falling, and a Republican-led Congress and the Trump administration have sought to thwart Newsom’s goal of having 100% of new cars sold in California be zero-emission by 2035.

Sen. Ben Allen, a Democrat representing the El Segundo area, said he expects California’s Democratic-controlled Legislature will likely push back against national Republicans’ attack on California’s vehicle policies in some form next year, though he said it wasn’t yet clear how.

“We’re very committed to this path, so stay tuned, but clean air is a priority for our state,” said Allen, who chairs the Senate’s Select Committee on Transitioning to a Zero-Emission Energy Future.

In the meantime, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed Allen’s Senate Bill 766, creating a first-in-the-nation policy that allows a buyer to return a used vehicle for a full refund within three days if the purchase price was less than $50,000. Dealers can charge a restocking fee.

The law, which takes effect in October, also contains other protections for buyers intended to prevent them from getting suckered.

Car dealers will have to tell a potential buyer — including in advertisements and initial written communications — the actual price of a vehicle instead of an unrealistic advertised price. Potential buyers will also have to be informed of the full financing costs and lease terms.

The law also prohibits dealers from charging for add-ons that have no benefit to the buyer, such as free oil changes for electric vehicles — which don’t need oil changes.“That is a huge deal,” said Rosemary Shahan of Consumers for Auto Reliability and Safety, which championed the bill. “It’s historic. It’s going to make cars more affordable.”

Allen said he came up with the idea for the bill after shopping for a used car in 2024. He said he wanted to see what it was like trying to buy a used car in California and didn’t tell the various dealerships he visited that he was a state senator.“I was kind of shocked by the hustle and the extent to which prices were quoted online and that ended up not really being truthful,” he said.He ended up buying a 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E, an electric vehicle.

Newsom blocked document fee increase

Most bills take effect immediately the year after they are signed, but lawmakers delayed the implementation of Allen’s bill until October to give dealers time to change their paperwork, amend their contracts and change their signs to meet the new law’s requirements.

Brian Maas, president of the California New Car Dealers Association, said the law should make buying a used car more transparent and easier for consumers.

“The bill certainly is a net positive in terms of more transparency about the total price and advertising,” he said.

But he said the new law “clearly imposed more responsibility on dealers,” which is why Maas said his group was extremely frustrated Newsom vetoed its bill that would have allowed dealers to raise document-processing fees by $175.

Senate Bill 791 would have raised the fees dealers can charge to process Department of Motor Vehicles and other paperwork from the current cap of $85 to up to 1% of the purchase price, capped at $260.

Maas said dealers were frustrated by Newsom’s veto message which said the fee increase wasn’t necessary because the state had imposed “no new state requirements” on car dealers.

Maas said it was “especially frustrating that the veto message somewhat cavalierly said there are no new state requirements when the governor signed just such requirements a week earlier.”

Before the veto, SB 791 passed the Legislature overwhelmingly and with bipartisan support. The California New Car Dealers Association has donated at least $3 million to legislators since 2015, according to the Digital Democracy database.

Maas said there are so many forms car buyers must fill out, almost all of them stemming from a law the Legislature passed, they’re getting to be like click-through agreements on websites that everyone just agrees to without actually reading.

“You shove form after form after form in front of consumers,” he said. “Consumers just tune it out, turn it off, and say, ‘You know what? I just want to know what my monthly payment is, what’s the interest rate, what the total price of the car is. And then let’s go. Why do I have to sit in here for a half hour or an hour and fill out all these forms?’ ”

Consumers face a watered-down lemon law

Newsom also signed Senate Bill 26, a bill that allows car manufacturers to opt out of changes to the state’s lemon law that gives consumers a right to get their money back if they buy a defective vehicle — sometimes referred to as a “lemon.”

The result is that California car buyers have different legal protections under the state’s lemon law depending on which brand they buy.

The bill Newsom signed was in response to a law lawmakers hastily passed at the end of the 2024 legislative session, watering down the state’s 55-year-old landmark lemon law. Some auto companies, namely GM and Ford, were being sued so often for allegedly selling so many lemons that state courts were clogged with lawsuits.

The companies and some attorney groups persuaded lawmakers and Newsom to pass legislation in 2024 that shrank the length of time a car buyer could sue under the lemon law to just six years instead of the entire life of a vehicle’s warranty

Last year’s legislation also puts more onus on car owners to initiate claims, not auto companies.

But other companies that don’t get sued as often for selling defective vehicles, such as Toyota and Honda, opposed the rule change. Those companies said the new law didn’t give them time to prepare their best defense

Newsom ended up reluctantly signing the 2024 bill, but he urged the Legislature to come back with a new bill in 2025 that would allow companies to opt out of the changes. SB 26 passed overwhelmingly and Newsom signed it.

Meanwhile, several car companies, including Ford and GM and dozens of RV and motorcycle manufacturers, opted in to the 2024 law this year.

Toyota and Honda, as expected, did not.

###

While most of us gather with family in the warmth of our homes this holiday season, it’s worth remembering that many local residents aren’t so fortunate. And that’s where some of our region’s most cherished nonprofits step in.

The Eureka Rescue Mission’s annual Christmas Eve meal service is currently underway, as of the time this was published. It’s scheduled to run from noon until 2 p.m. The Mission is located at 110 2nd Street in Eureka.

For tomorrow, Christmas Day, St. Vincent de Paul is offering “a yummy, hot, nutritious meal” from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Longtime volunteer Marylee Price tells the Outpost that volunteers have stepped up to help prepare the meal, and Santa himself is expected to hand out gifts. St. Vinnie’s “Free Meal” is hosted at 35 West 3rd Street in Eureka.

A few miles north, Arcata House Partnership has its warming center in effect today from 1 - 4 p.m. In addition to providing a warm and dry place to stay, the center offers hot meals, warm beverages and expanded annex services. 

On Christmas Day, AHP will offer soup, sweets and dry socks via window service at its “One Stop” annex, 501 9th Street in Arcata. And the warming center will be back in action on Friday from 1 - 4 p.m.

Meanwhile, the good folks at Humboldt Soup’s On have gone fully mobile for the winter, delivering food and other resources directly to encampments and places the unhoused frequent in and around Arcata. Executive Director Jan Carr tells us, “We are feeding sixty people (and their dogs) each day.” That’s the max capacity for the organization. “Wish we could feed more.” Carr said.

If our readers are aware of any other services offered to needy folks this Christmas, please email us so we can add it to this post: news@lostcoastoutpost.com.

###

Enjoy this sunshine while you can, Humboldt! We’re in for another round of wind and rain tonight.

Last night’s windstorm knocked out power for thousands of folks across the county, but, as far as we can tell, didn’t leave much damage behind. Pretty remarkable given that the National Weather Service recorded a wind gust of 109 mph (!!!) at Cape Mendocino last night, and gusts between 70 and 84 mph throughout the King Range.

As of this writing, 800-plus Southern Humboldt residents are still without power near Miranda, Petrolia and Whitethorn due to reported storm damage. PG&E crews are either en route or already working on repairs. You can find updates here.

The NWS has issued another “High Wind Watch” for Humboldt, Del Norte and Mendocino counties tonight. Our friends down in SoHum can expect southeast winds between 25 and 35 mph, with gusts up to 85 mph possible. It should be a little calmer up north around Humboldt Bay.

“Damaging winds could blow down trees and power lines,” the NWS warns. “Widespread power outages are possible. Travel could be difficult, especially for high-profile vehicles. Wind gusts will be particularly strong along windward ridges and exposed coastal headlands. There is an increased risk of tree branches and other debris on roadways.”

Rain is expected to return to the region around 8 p.m. There’s a “Flood Advisory” in effect for low-lying, flood-prone areas around Humboldt Bay, and a “Flood Watch” is in place for the rest of the county til 10 p.m. Friday. 

“Additional rounds of heavy rain expected through Friday night,” according to NWS. “An additional 3-6, locally up to 9 inches of total rain is possible through Friday. There will be breaks in the heavy precipitation, but heavy rain falling on already saturated ground will promote flooding impacts.”

As always, you’ll want to be a little extra cautious out there and avoid driving through flooded roads. Highway 36 is closed at Carlotta due to flooding, with no estimated time of reopening. [UPDATE, 12:07 p.m.: Open again!] Several county roads remain closed due to flood damage. 

Stay safe out there, Humboldt!

###

UPDATE, 3 p.m.: The Humboldt County Department of Public Works shares the following update on county roads:

The following roads are flooded:

• Howard Heights
• Cannibal Island Rd .10 mile from Eel River to end of road
• Graham Rd 
• Zanes Rd
• Berta Rd
• Old Arcata Rd between Graham Rd and Jacoby
• Creek Rd
• Ambrosini Lane
• Rose Ave
• Fernbridge Dr Northbound Lane 

The following roads are closed:

• Port Kenyon is closed between Market and California
• Hookton Rd is closed between Tompkins Hill Rd and Highway 101 due to the flooding.
• Hookton Rd and Eel River Dr intersection closed due to flooding
• Mad River Rd is closed at P.M. 2.75 (Tye City) due to flooding
• Goble between Fulmor and Hwy 211
• Camp Weott at Dillon
• Glendale Drive - 100 feet northwest of Liscom Hill Rd closed due to flooding
• Redwood Dr from Evergreen Rd to Bear Canyon Rd closed due to a slide
• Fernbridge Dr Northbound Lane closed to the bridge due to flooding
• Coffee Creek is closed due to flooding from P.M. 1.00 to 1.25
• Meridian Road closed between P.M. .5 to .9
• Wilder Ridge Rd at P.M. 6.9 closed due to flooding
• Crannell Rd is closed at Dows Prairie Rd due to flooding
• Waddington Rd from Pleasant Point Rd to Substation Rd
• Goble Lane from Fulmor to Hwy 211 closed
  Nissen Rd from Goble Lane to the end closed
• Dillon Rd
• Sage Rd from Goble to the end
• Goble between Dillon Rd and Nissen Rd

Drive Safely. Road conditions will be updated as soon as they become available.

###

This story was originally published by CalMatters. Sign up for their newsletters.

###

When Megan Meo, 36, and her husband decided to start a family, they knew they wanted two kids. They didn’t know they would have to endure multiple rounds of fertility treatment, causing much heartache and draining away thousands of dollars.

“It’s strange when my body isn’t working to do a thing it was made for,” Meo said. ”It hurts me at my core.”

Meo is among roughly 9 million Californians who will benefit from a new law requiring some insurers to pay for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. On Jan. 1, large group health insurers in California — from employers with at least 100 workers — will be required to begin covering fertility preservation and in vitro fertilization services.

The law also redefines infertility in state statute, eliminating an exemption that prevented same-sex couples or single people from receiving fertility benefits.

The law does not apply to people who get their insurance through religious employers, federally regulated plans or Medi-Cal. Last month, a settlement in a class action lawsuit led by a Santa Clara couple required Aetna to extend fertility benefits to LGBTQ couples nationwide.

Advocates expect small group insurers will soon be required to offer the same coverage through a separate regulatory process that awaits federal approval. Once federal officials approve that process, most Californians with employer-sponsored health insurance should receive the benefit, said Sen. Caroline Menjivar, the law’s author and a Democrat from Van Nuys.

“I am so proud of this bill. I want this bill on my tombstone,” Menjivar said. “This impacts so many people from single people to heterosexual couples.”

Menjivar, who is lesbian, said the new law strikes a personal chord. For her to have children, she would have to rely on fertility treatments – and insurance companies have often excluded LGBTQ individuals from coverage for these services. One of her friends spent more than $20,000 on fertility treatments to have three children, she said.

“This brings into the fold a lot of people,” Menjivar said, tearing up. “I get emotional because I know these people. I know what this looked like for my friends.”

High cost prevents people from using IVF

In vitro fertilization, or IVF, commonly helps people struggling to conceive. About 9% of men and 11% of women of reproductive age struggle with infertility in the U.S. During a cycle of IVF, doctors retrieve eggs from the ovaries and fertilize them with sperm in a lab. The resultant embryos can then be transferred to the uterus.

The process, while simple sounding, can take months or even years before a successful pregnancy. It is also expensive. A 2010 survey on the cost for infertility treatment among 400 Northern California women found the average payment for one cycle of IVF was $24,000. The average cost for a successful pregnancy, which can take multiple cycles, was $61,000. Health care costs have grown since then.

Before insurance coverage kicked in, Meo’s fertility clinic told her one round of IVF would cost between $30,000 and $39,000.

“The idea of spending $40,000 on something that might not work was really scary,” she said. She and her husband have been trying to start a family for two years. Her infertility is partially related to uterine scarring left by a previous miscarriage. Insurance coverage lessens the emotional and financial burden for them, Meo said.

Alise Powell, director of government affairs with RESOLVE: The National Fertility Association, said cost is the No.1 barrier preventing people from accessing care. Congress has on multiple occasions shot down legislative efforts to require health insurers to cover fertility services, most recently in 2024. California is the 15th state to mandate coverage for state-regulated plans.

“Infertility is a disease and it should be covered by insurance like any other disease or ailment people have,” Powell said.

Jamie Falls, 44, has been trying to get pregnant for 11 years. She and her husband, who had an unsuccessful vasectomy reversal, took out a loan to afford the $13,000 it cost for one round of IVF in 2020. The procedure didn’t work. They’ve been saving since then to try another round.

Insurance coverage offers some relief, Falls said, but after trying for so long it almost seems too good to be true.

“I wouldn’t wish this journey on anybody. It’s the hardest thing I’ve ever gone through (but) I can’t picture myself not being a mom,” Falls said.

Health insurers who opposed the law before it was enacted have said it will raise overall insurance costs, pinching small businesses and people who buy individual policies.

Infertility often unexplained

Many people who struggle to conceive don’t know why they are unable to do so. Studies indicate around 30% are diagnosed with unexplained infertility.

It’s a frustrating diagnosis, said Sarah Jolly, 39, who has been trying to conceive with her husband for five years. Tests to check her ovarian reserve, hormone levels and ensure there were no blockages came back normal. The couple even sought out a urologist who specializes in male infertility to run tests on Jolly’s husband only for everything to return clean.

The couple has tried intrauterine insemination — a process where sperm is inserted directly into the uterus while a woman is ovulating — three times without a pregnancy.

Jolly said she and her husband are keeping IVF on the table as a last resort, but she doesn’t want to go through with a procedure without knowing what it’s treating.

Recently, after seeking out another specialist, Jolly learned that she had endometriosis, a chronic condition that can cause adhesions, scarring and inflammation around the reproductive organs. Multiple doctors had previously told Jolly endometriosis had nothing to do with her infertility, she said, but the specialist told her it was a common – and treatable – reason.

Studies suggest between 30% to 50% of women with endometriosis are infertile, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Jolly said throughout this process she has felt unheard and undervalued, constantly having to advocate for more testing and more answers. Insurance also refused to pay for any of her fertility tests or appointments, but covered her husband’s visit to the urologist.

“I’ve gotten a lot of comments societally, even from a lot of men, like ‘You should have kids. It’s the biggest privilege.’ But our society also doesn’t support women and getting the health care they need to be able to achieve that,” Jolly said. “It feels like a punch in the face that I wasn’t expecting. I really thought it would be a much more supportive process medically.”

###

Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit www.chcf.org to learn more.