Subfamily
Xylocopinae (Carpenter bees)
Xylocopa tabaniformis. Photo: (c) Robert, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC)
The subfamily Xylocopinae (family Apidae) occurs worldwide, and includes the large carpenter bees (tribe Xylocopini), the small carpenter bees (tribe Ceratinini), the allodapine bees (tribe Allodapini), and the relictual genus Manuelia (tribe Manueliini).