During the preliminary hearing for a foster mother accused of murder for the 2021 death of two-year-old Phoenix Jayden Asti, testimony from two expert witnesses cast doubt on the defendant’s story that the child caused his own head injuries.

Ashley Pearce-Pifferini was held to answer on all charges — murder and assault on a child causing death — on Friday. 

Judge Lawrence Killoran cited expert testimony finding a lack of basis for self-inflicted wounds caused by headbanging.

Killoran found enough evidence to hold her to answer on the charges filed in 2024, and to continue with proceedings against her.

Pearce-Pifferini has pleaded not guilty, and Killoran allowed her to remain out of custody on a $1 million bail.

Deputy District Attorney Whitney Timm said there was “no question,” the boy was murdered.

She argued evidence — including medical testimony, Pearce-Pifferini being the only person with him when he became unresponsive, and changes to her story over time — showed her actions were “cold blooded and cowardly murder.” She accused the woman of bashing a two-year-old and waiting to call for medical attention until it was too late.

Because Asti was one of the most vulnerable types of victims, Timm argued Pearce-Pifferini should be held in jail.

Meanwhile, Casey Russo from the Public Defender’s office cast doubt on parts of the medical record, and said it remains a “real mystery” what occurred. He countered by pointing to efforts Pearce-Pifferini took to get medical care for the boy, along with her long record as a foster parent and lack of criminal or abusive record.

He described the case as complicated, and of a type fraught with wrongful convictions.

Witness testimony revealed key medical evidence found over the long and drawn-out investigation.

Dr. Evan Matshes, who performed Asti’s autopsy and spent dozens of hours examining parts of his body, testified the child could not produce enough force to cause a key injury found in his skull.

During a 911 call played for the court Thursday, Pearce-Pifferini told dispatch the child banged his head on a crib while he was mad, and could have fallen in the bath a few days before.

She told a similar story to medical professionals documented in hospital records prosecutors submitted as evidence.

Matshes, an expert in child abuse autopsies and the medical director of NAAG Forensic PC, testified the child died from impact blunt head trauma, stemming from blows on multiple parts of his head.

Asti’s internal injuries included bruising on the back and top of his head, tears in neck nerves and Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI). DAI is a serious brain injury involving tearing of brain matter.

When Timm asked if the DAI injury could be accomplished by the force of a two-year-old, or a short fall, Matshes simply replied “no.”

He testified the nerve injuries in his neck were caused by a whiplash motion,  which would be similarly inconsistent with a fall.

During cross examination, defense attorney Russo pointed to the boy’s lack of skull fractures, and asked if the object could have been a wooden part of a crib or bed. Matshes said it could be consistent with many things.

Russo also probed other instances that could cause the boy’s injuries, including the possibility of an accident.

James Crawford-Jakubiak, the medical director of the Center for Child Protection in Oakland, similarly an expert in child abuse cases who cared for the child after he was flown to Oakland for medical treatment, testified Friday that Asti’s injuries were consistent with him being repeatedly slammed.

He called this the “most likely explanation,” for the head injuries Asti ultimately died from, when asked by Timm.

When asked about headbanging behavior in children, he testified he did not believe it was possible that the child caused his own death. He similarly testified DAI could not be caused by a short fall or could be self-inflicted. 

He said medical professionals at the Center who treated Asti believed he had blunt trauma to his head, which was confirmed by autopsy, despite a lack of external injuries.

He also testified that he believed there was a delay in reaching medical care, based on the level of swelling of the child’s brain from the first scan of his head.

When Timm asked if earlier care could have saved Asti, he said “we’ll never know,” but said doctors could have saved time by knowing the injury was caused by head trauma.

By the time Asti received medical care, he testified there was nothing medical professionals could do. He was declared brain dead on Nov. 23, 2021.

Otra pieza clave de evidencia fue una imagen que Pearce-Pifferini envió a su pareja de Asti con hematomas y decoloración en su rostro, aproximadamente un mes antes de que el niño sufriera las lesiones que lo matarían.

Crawford-Jakubiak declaró que los patrones en su rostro eran consistentes con una bofetada.

El Investigador del Fiscal del Condado de Humboldt, Ryan Hill, el principal investigador que suele ocuparse de casos de abuso infantil, declaró que durante las entrevistas con la hija de la pareja, ella les dijo a los adultos que a Asti, junto con otro niño en acogida en la casa, les pegaban y les daban nalgadas con una cuchara de madera.

También se enteró a través de entrevistas con trabajadores sociales de que la pareja informó a los profesionales que habían decidido no adoptar a los dos niños en acogida justo semanas antes de que Asti muriera.

Un trabajador social supo esto por Pearce-Pifferini el 8 de noviembre durante una visita mensual. A pesar de ofrecerse a llevarse a los niños inmediatamente, la acusada dijo que esperaría hasta después de Navidad para la colocación.

La próxima comparecencia de Pearce-Pifferini es el 17 de abril.