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In a dramatic move to tackle climate change, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced today that he has directed the state to ban gasoline-powered cars beginning in 15 years.

California has for longer than half a century been a leader in driving new, cleaner car technologies with its regulations. Now a new executive order aims to eliminate new models of traditional cars and put more vehicles powered by clean technologies such as fuel cells and batteries on California’s roads.

The executive order also tackles fossil fuel pollution before it comes out of tailpipes, tasking California lawmakers with putting an end to new fracking permits by 2024. The Newsom administration’s approval of new fracking permits this summer has drawn criticism from environmental groups.

California is raising the stakes amid a battle with the Trump administration over the state’s power to clean its air and cut greenhouse gases that warm the planet.

Taking aim at Californians’ beloved cars is a risky political move, especially during an economic crisis. And it’s not clear whether a ban would survive in court, according to some legal experts. Automakers are likely to mount an aggressive campaign to fight the standards.

The news comes on the heels of Newsom’s declaration that California is facing “a climate damn emergency.” Wildfires and record-breaking heat have ravaged the state in recent weeks, choking residents with smoke as 3.6 million acres burn. Droughts also are amplified by climate change.

“Our cars shouldn’t make wildfires worse – and create more days filled with smoky air. Cars shouldn’t melt glaciers or raise sea levels threatening our cherished beaches and coastlines,” Newsom said today in a statement.

Newsom’s executive order will not take anybody’s car away. Californians can still drive and resell their gas-powered vehicles. But it does direct the Air Resources Board to phase out gas-powered passenger vehicles and certain freight trucks by 2035, and medium and heavy duty trucks by 2045.

In the past, an auto industry trade group called the Coalition for Sustainable Automotive Regulation decried California’s efforts to cut greenhouse gases, siding with the Trump administration in litigation. “With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene.”

Assemblymember Phil Ting, a Democrat from San Francisco, applauded the governor’s decision. “The fastest way to make the biggest dent in slowing the effects of global warming is to embrace cleaner cars. Many other countries have already committed to this goal, and I’ve been working tirelessly for years to make this transition happen in California.”

The state has flirted with banning gas powered vehicles before. Last May, Air Resources Board Chief Mary Nichols alluded to a potential ban if California and the federal government continued to butt heads.

California since the 1960s has taken the lead in curbing emissions from cars and trucks, beginning with mandates that led to catalytic converters cleaning up exhaust that created severe smog in the state. Transportation is the biggest source of greenhouse gas pollution, smog and diesel exhaust in the state.

But the Trump administration has yanked California’s unique authority to regulate greenhouse gas pollution in tailpipe emissions. The move jeopardized California’s long-standing zero-emission vehicles program, originally developed to combat smog, which requires automakers to sell zero emission vehicles in the state.

Now, California is fighting to maintain its clean car authority in court. And in the meantime, the state struck a deal with five major automakers — BMW, Ford, Honda, Volkswagen and Volvo. The car companies agreed to recognize California’s authority in return for a more relaxed schedule to meet the state’s greenhouse gas requirements.

Meredith Hankins, a Shapiro fellow in Environmental Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, told CalMatters last year that a ban on gasoline-powered cars would be difficult to get past the federal Environmental Protection Agency.

“It may be sort of dead on arrival under this current administration,” Hankins said. And going around the EPA is “an untested legal question.”

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CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.